Examples » KozCG: Vortical flow

Equations solved

The system of equation solved is

detailed at the KozCG page describing its numerical method, with the exact solution

and the source terms

For more details, see Papers.

Problem setup

The simulation domain is a cube centered around the point {0,0,0}. The initial conditions are sampled from the analytic solution at t=0. We set Dirichlet boundary conditions on the sides of the cube, sampling the analytic solution. The numerical solution does not depend on time and approaches steady state due to the source term which ensures equilibrium in time. As the numerical solution approaches a stationary state, the numerical errors in the flow variables converge to stationary values, determined by the combination of spatial and temporal errors which are measured and assessed.

Code revision to reproduce

To reproduce the results below, use code revision 8c9d1db and the control file below.

Control file

-- vim: filetype=lua:

print "Euler equations computing vortical flow"

term = 3.0
ttyi = 10

solver = "kozcg"
fct = false

dt = 0.002      -- 750K
--dt = 0.001      --   6M
--dt = 0.0005      --  48M

part = "rcb"

problem = {
  name = "vortical_flow",
  alpha = 1.0,
  kappa = 1.0,
  p0 = 10.0,
}

mat = { spec_heat_ratio = 5/3 }

bc_dir = {
  { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
  { 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
  { 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
  { 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
  { 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 },
  { 6, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 }
}

fieldout = {
  iter = 1000
}

diag = {
  iter = 1,
  format = "scientific"
}

Run using the 750K mesh on 32 CPUs

./charmrun +p32 Main/inciter -i unitcube_750K.exo -c vortical_flow.q

Visualization

ParaView can be used for interactive visualization of the numerically computed fields as

paraview out.e-s.0.32.0

The initial and final velocity, pressure, and total energy are depicted below.

Numerical errors

To estimate the order of convergence, the numerical solution is computed using three different meshes, whose properties of are tabulated below.

Here h is the average edge length. The next figure shows the time evolution of the L1 error in fluid density for the three different meshes. The L1 error is computed as

where n is the number of points, and are the exact and computed solutions at mesh point v, and denotes the volume associated to mesh point v.

Gnuplot commands to reproduce the above plot:

set terminal png size 800,600 enhanced font "Helvetica,16"
set output "vortical_flow_L1r_kozcg.png"
set xlabel "time"
set ylabel "L1 error"
set grid
plot [] [:1.8e-5] "diag.750K" u 2:20, "diag.6M" u 2:20, "diag.48M" u 2:20

Convergence rate

The following table summarizes the L1 errors in all flow variables at the stationary state.

Here r, u, v, w, and e are the fluid density, velocity in the x, y, z directions, and the internal energy, respectively. The order of convergence is estimated as

where m is a mesh index. As expected, the asymptotic convergence of the computed numerical solution in all variables approximates 2.

References